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20-40    Basic Statistics on Higher Education for Scientific and
Technological Activities
Item 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
  S&T Personnel (10 000 person) 32.6 34.5 34.2 35.2 36.6
Scientists and Engineers 31.2 31.1 32.9 31.5 35.9
  R&D Institutions (unit) 3306 3241 3124 3735 3481
  Full-time Equivalent of R&D Personnel 16.6 16.9 17.6 15.9 17.1
    (10 000 man-year)
Scientists and Engineers 15.7 16.1 16.8 14.7 16.8
Fundamental Research 4.3 4.6 4.7 5.1 5.1
Applied Research 9.2 9.3 9.8 8.7 9.2
Experimental Development 3.0 3 3.1 2.1 2.8
  Sources of Funds for S&T (100 million yuan) 73.1 85.0 102.9 166.8 200.0
Government Funds 36.5 41.1 49.2 97.5 109.8
From Enterprises 36.8 53.2 55.5 72.5
Bank Loans 0.7 0.5 1.4 1.0
  Intramural Expenditure for S&T (100 million yuan) 63.0 73.2 85.1 137.1 165.9
Labor Expenses 8.1 7.1 8.9 28.5 29.8
Expenses on Fixed Assets 12.6 13.2 17.0 27.4 51.3
R&D Expenditure 57.7 57.2 63.5 76.7 102.4
Fundamental Research 9.7 9.5 11.4 17.8 17.0
Applied Research 31.6 31.4 37.7 40.0 59.0
Experimental Development 16.4 16.3 14.4 18.9 26.4
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