I. Main Content
The data in this chapter show the basic conditions of agricultural production and rural economy, including mainly rural laborer,
cultivated land, quantit y of agricultural machinery, output of farming, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, output of major
p roducts, facilit ies of water conservancy and efforts to eliminate water-logging and combat alkalinity, productive fixed ass
ets owned by the rural households, bas ic condit ions of the state-owned farms, and basic conditions of township enterprises.

II. Statistical Scope
Statist ics on agriculture cover all agricult ural product ion activit ies except horse raising for military purpose and act ivities
undert aken by agriculture research ins titutions. Included in agriculture statistics are production activities of farms specializing
in crop cultivation, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery; production activities undertaken by government agencies,
institutions, schools and military units; production of collective farms run by townships and villages; production act ivities in
crop cultivation, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery undertaken by rural economic units of various types and by rural
households, and commercial industrial activities undertaken by rural households as sideline production.

(1) Agriculture: includes crop cultivation and other agricultural activities. Crop cultivation refers to the cultivation of cereals
, beans, tuber crops, cotton, oil-bearing crops, sugar crops, hemp, t obacco leaves, vegetables, medicinal herbs , gourds and
ot her farm crops, as well as the operation on tea plantations, mulberry fields and orchards. Other agriculture refers to
collection of t he seeds, fiber, resin, oil of wild plant s; gathering of firewood, wild herbs, mushrooms and fungus; and
commercial industrial act ivities undertaken by rural households as sideline production.

(2) Forest ry: includes the planting of trees (excluding the operat ion on tea plantations, mulberry fields and orchards),
collection of forest product s and the felling of bamboo and trees by village cooperative units and rural households.

(3) Animal husbandry: includes t he rais ing and grazing of domestic animals and poultry, and the hunting and raising of wild
animals.

(4) Fishery: includes cultivation and catching of aquatic animals and seaweed. The rural social and economic statistics cover
all social and economic activit ies in all township s except that taking place in county towns.

III. Source of Data and Survey Methodology

(1) Data on rural grass roots units, labour force and agricultural production (tables 12-1 to 12-8, tables 12-14 to 12-20, and
table 12-23) are provided by the Rural Socio-economic Survey Organization, NBS using data from the Comprehensive Stat
istical Reporting on Farming, Fores try, Animal Husbandry and Fishery, the Comprehensive Stat ist ical Reporting on
Agricultural Outp ut, the Rural Social and Economic Survey, and the Sample Survey of Farm Crops.

Comprehensive Statistical Rep orting on Farming, Forestry, Animal Husbandry and Fishery is a comprehensive reporting
program report ed by p rovincial s tatistical bureaus to the National Bureau of Statis tics. Data required in this reporting
program are collected by st atistical offices at all levels by means of sample surveys , survey s of key units or full
enumeration depending on the local circumstances, or estimated by using information from other government agencies at the
same level or from the s amp le survey of farm crops and rural hous ehold survey conducted by NBS. For instance, some data
on condition of agriculture production and on forest ry and fishery are obtained from st atis tics collected by other government
agencies at the same level, while data on crop production are collected from the sample survey of farm crops.

Sample Survey of Farm Crops is a nation-wide survey designed by NBS and imp lemented by sample survey teams
throughout China with unified s ample selection and estimation procedure, in order to obtain high quality data on grain
production and related statistics. Using data from the agriculture census as s ampling frame, a total of 130,000 sample plots
are selected from some 20,000 villages in the country, and various comp rehensive sampling approaches are used to
estimate the crop output for China. The survey is characteriz ed by a mult i-purpose probability proportional to size sample
design that keeps sampling error t o ± 2% with the confidence p robability as 95%. Like the sample survey on rural
households, a rotation scheme is us ed in the sample survey on farm crops with the cy cle of a comp lete rot ation being 5
years. Some of the data, like the data on crop p roduction, are collected from t he Samp le Survey of Farm Crops.

Sample surveys are also conduct ed on animal husbandry and on sowing acreage of farm crops.

Rural Social and Economic Survey is a special survey designed by the NBS to understand the basic condition of social and
economic activities at township level, the size and transfer of total rural labour force and investment in fixed as set s in rural
areas. Under this survey program, a complete enumerat ion is conducted every 3 years t o collect information on bas ic
condition of social and economic act ivit ies at township and village levels , while sample survey is used to collect information
on other items with the same sampling units as in the Rural Household Survey.

(2) Dat a on the fixed ass ets, cultivat ed land and s ales of farm products of rural households (tables 12-11 to 12-13, tables
12-21 to 12-22) are collect ed by the Rural Socio-economic Survey Organization, NBS through the Rural Household Survey.

(3) Data on the basic conditions of the state-owned farms come from t he stat ist ical reports tabulated by the Bureau of
Reclamat ion, Minis try of Agriculture. The st atist ical coverage includes 30 provinces , autonomous regions and municip alit
ies directly under the central government; only Tibet is not included. The data are collect ed from the grassroots units in
accordance wit h the s tatistical reporting s cheme and tabulat ed and reported level by level. The content of indicators and
calculation methods are the same as those stipulated by the National Bureau of Stat istics.

(4) Data on irrigation and reservoirs, the dat a on the efforts to eliminate water-logging, prevent floods by water control and
combat alkalinity as well as the dat a on the facilities of water conservancy and the area of water-logging eliminated and t he
improved area of saline-alkaline land come mainly from statistical reports of the Ministry of Water Conservancy. The
statistical coverage includes all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the cent ral government .
County is t he basic statistical unit. The data are collected from the count ies in accordance with t he st atis tical reporting
scheme and t abulated and reported level by level. Data on some special indicators such as the number of irrigated areas,
large reservoirs and the mediumsized and small reservoirs that cut across counties are collected direct ly by the p refectures
and reported to the wat er conservancy departments of the provinces.

(5) Data on dis aster-hit areas and disaster-destroyed areas come from the Ministry of Civil Affairs.

(6)Data on township enterprises are collected through comprehensive reporting system and rep orted level by level, which
based on National Township Ent erprises Rep orting System formulat ed by Ministry of Agriculture, approved by National
Bureau of Statistics and provided by Township Enterprises Bureau of Ministry of Agriculture.