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Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation

 

Total Imports and Exports at Customs  refer to the value of commodities imported into and exported from the
boundary of China. They include the actual imports and exports through foreign trade, imported and exported goods under
the processing and assembling trades and materials, supplies and gifts as aid given gratis between governments and by the
United Nations and other international organizations, and contributions donated by overseas Chinese, compatriots in Hong
Kong and Macao and Chinese with foreign citizenship, leasing commodities owned by tenant at the expiration of leasing
period, the imported and exported commodities processed with imported materials, commodities trading in border areas
(excluding mutual exchange goods), the imported and exported commodities and articles for public use of the Sino-foreign
joint ventures, cooperative enterprises and ventures exclusively with foreign own investment. Also included are import or
export of samples and advertising goods for whose CIF or FOB value are beyond the permitted ceiling (excluding goods of no
trading or use value and free commodities for export), imported goods sold in China from bonded warehouses and other
imported or exported goods. The indicator of the total imports and exports at customs can be used to observe the total size
of external trade in a country. In accordance with the stipulation of the Chinese government, imports are calculated at CIF,
while exports are calculated at FOB

Import Export Value by Location of Chinas Foreign Trade Managing Units  refers to actual value of imports and
exports carried out by corporations which have been registered by the local customhouse and are vested with right to run
import export business.

Import Value of Commodities by the Places of their Destination and Export Value of Commodities by the
Places of their Origin in China:
 
The former indicator refers to the value of import commodities of the places of their
consumption, utilization or the places of their final destination. The latter indicator refers to the value of export commodities
of the places of their origin or the places of the commodities dispatched.

Utilization of Foreign Capital  refers to remittance, equipment and technology financed from abroad, by loans, foreign
direct investment and other forms undertaken by the Chinese governments at all levels, by various departments, enterprises
and other economic units.

Foreign Borrowings  an important part of Chinas utilization of foreign capital, it refer to funds borrowed from abroad
through formal signing of borrowing agreements with foreign institutions, including loans of foreign governments, loans of
international financial institutions, commercial loans of foreign banks, export credit, and funds raised by Chinese bonds (and
shares before 1996) issued abroad.

Direct Investment by Foreign Entrepreneurs  refers to the investments inside China by foreign enterprises and
economic organizations or individuals (including overseas Chinese, compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao, and Chinese
enterprises registered abroad), following the relevant policies and laws of China, for the establishment of ventures exclusively
with foreign own investment, Sino-foreign joint ventures and cooperative enterprises or for co-operative exploration of
resources with enterprises or economic organizations in China. It includes the re investment of the foreign entrepreneurs with
the profits gained from the investment and the funds that enterprises borrow from abroad in the total investment of projects
which are approved by the relevant department of the government.

Other Investment by Foreign Entrepreneurs  refers to all forms of utilization of foreign capitals other than foreign
borrowings and foreign direct investment. It includes the total value of stock shares in foreign currencies issued by enterprises
at domestic or foreign stock exchanges ( now mainly consisting of H shares issued at Hong Kong Security Market and B
shares issued at domestic security markets), rent payable for the imported equipment through international leasing
arrangement, cost of imported equipment, technology and materials provided by foreign counterparts in compensation trade
and processing and assembly trade.

Contracted Projects with Foreign Countries  refer to projects undertaken by Chinese contractors (project contracting
companies) through bidding process. They include:  (1)overseas civil engineering construction projects financed by foreign
investors; (2)overseas projects financed by the Chinese government through its foreign aid programs; (3)construction
projects of Chinese diplomatic missions, trade offices and other institutions stationed abroad; (4)construction projects in
China financed by foreign investment; (5)sub-contracted projects to be taken by Chinese contractors through a joint umbrella
project with foreign contractor(s); (6)housing development projects. The business income from international contracted
projects is the work volume of contracted projects completed during the reference period, expressed in monetary terms,
including completed work on projects signed in previous years.

 Service Cooperation with Foreign Countries  refers to the activities of providing technology and labour services to
employers or contractors in the forms of receiving salaries and wages. Labour services providing by contractual joint ventures
of Chinese international contracting corporations should be included in the statistics of service co-operation with foreign
countries. The business income of labour service co operation is the income in the form of wages and salaries, overtime pay,
bonuses and other remuneration received from the employers during the reference period.

Overseas Design and Consultation Service  refers to projects with charges for technical services from overseas
operators. It includes geographic and topographic mapping, geological resource prospecting and survey, planning of
construction areas, provision of design documents, blueprints, materials on production process and techniques, as well as
engineering, technical and economic consultation, and feasibility study, research and evaluation of projects. Also included
under this category are the above-mentioned services of foreign-financed projects in China that are paid in foreign currencies.

 
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