2-4 Structural
Indicators on National Economic and Social Development
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(%) |
| Item |
1978 |
1989 |
1997 |
2003 |
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|
| Population and Employment | |
| Population | |
| Urban and
Rural Structure | |
| Urban | 17.9 | 26.2 | 31.9 | 40.5 |
| Rural | 82.1 | 73.8 | 68.1 | 59.5 |
| Sexual
Structure | |
| Male | 51.5 | 51.6 | 51.1 | 51.5 |
| Female | 48.5 | 48.4 | 48.9 | 48.5 |
| Employment | |
| Industrial
Structure | |
| Primary Industry | 70.5 | 60.1 | 49.9 | 49.1 |
| Secondary Industry | 17.3 | 21.6 | 23.7 | 21.6 |
| Tertiary Industry | 12.2 | 18.3 | 26.4 | 29.3 |
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| Macro Economy | |
| National Accounting | |
| Industrial
Structure | |
| Primary Industry | 28.1 | 25.0 | 19.1 | 14.6 |
| Secondary Industry | 48.2 | 43.0 | 50.0 | 52.2 |
| Tertiary Industry | 23.7 | 32.0 | 30.9 | 33.2 |
| Investment | |
| Structure of
Total Investment in Fixed Assets | |
| Capital Construction | | 35.2 | 39.8 | 41.2 |
| Innovation | | 17.9 | 15.7 | 15.5 |
| Real Estate Development | | 6.2 | 12.7 | 18.3 |
| Other Investment | | 40.7 | 31.8 | 25.0 |
| Structure of
Funded Sources | |
| State Budgetary Appropriation | | 8.3 | 2.8 | 4.6 |
| Domestic Loans | | 17.3 | 18.9 | 20.5 |
| Foreign Investment | | 6.6 | 10.6 | 4.4 |
| Fundraising and Others Investment | | 67.8 | 67.7 | 70.5 |
| Government Finance | |
| Structure of
Government Revenue | |
| Central Government | 15.5 | 30.9 | 48.9 | 54.6 |
| Local Governments | 84.5 | 69.1 | 51.1 | 45.4 |
| Structure of
Government Expenditures | |
| Central Government | 47.4 | 31.5 | 27.4 | 30.1 |
| Local Governments | 52.6 | 68.5 | 72.6 | 69.9 |
| Utilization of Foreign Capital | |
| Structure of
Foreign Capital Actually Utilized | |
| Loans from Abroad | | 62.5 | 18.7 | |
| Direct Investment by Foreign Entrepreneurs | | 33.7 | 70.3 | 95.3 |
| Other Investment by Foreign Entrepreneurs | | 3.8 | 11.1 | 4.7 |
| Energy | |
| Structure of
Total Energy Production | |
| Coal | 70.3 | 74.1 | 74.1 | 74.2 |
| Petroleum Crude Oil | 23.7 | 19.3 | 17.3 | 15.2 |
| Natural Gas | 2.9 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 2.9 |
| Hydropower | 3.1 | 4.6 | 6.5 | 7.7 |
| Structure of
Total Energy Consumption | |
| Coal | 70.7 | 76.0 | 71.7 | 67.1 |
| Petroleum Oil | 22.7 | 17.1 | 20.4 | 22.7 |
| Natural Gas | 3.2 | 2.1 | 1.7 | 2.8 |
| Hydropower | 3.4 | 4.7 | 6.2 | 7.4 |
| Industrial | |
| Agriculture | |
| Structure of
Gross Output Value of Agriculture | |
| Farming | 80.0 | 62.8 | 58.2 | 50.1 |
| Forestry | 3.4 | 4.4 | 3.4 | 4.2 |
| Animal Husbandry | 15.0 | 27.6 | 28.8 | 32.1 |
| Fishery | 1.6 | 5.3 | 9.6 | 10.6 |
| Industry | |
| Structure of
Gross Output Value of Industry | |
| Large Enterprises | | 41.3 | 34.4 |
| Medium-sized Enterprises | | 14.1 | 33.1 |
| Small Enterprises | | 44.6 | 32.5 |
| Construction | |
| Structure of
Gross Output Value of | |
| Construction Industry | |
| State-owned
Enterprise |
| 68.5 | 49.6 | 26.3 |
| Collective-owned Enterprises |
| 31.5 | 43.0 | 14.2 |
| Enterprise
with Funds from Hong Kong, Macao & Taiwan |
| 0.7 | 0.5 |
| Foreign Funded
Enterprise |
| 0.8 | 0.5 |
| Other
Enterprise | | 5.9 | 58.5 |
| Transportation | |
| Structure of
Freight Traffic | |
| Railways | 44.2 | 15.3 | 13.5 | 14.2 |
| Highways | 34.2 | 74.2 | 76.4 | 74.3 |
| Waterways | 17.4 | 8.9 | 8.9 | 10.1 |
| Civil Aviation | бн | бн | бн | бн |
| Pipelines | 4.2 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 1.4 |
| Domestic Trade | |
| Composition of
Retail Sales of Consumer Goods | |
| Cities | 32.4 | 45.3 | 61.0 | 65.0 |
| Counties | 24.4 | 16.4 | 12.8 | 11.4 |
| Below Counties | 43.2 | 38.3 | 26.2 | 23.6 |
| Foreign Trade | |
| Structure of
Exports | |
| Primary Goods | 53.5 | 28.7 | 13.1 | 7.9 |
| Manufactured Goods | 46.5 | 71.3 | 86.9 | 92.1 |
| Structure of
Imports | |
| Primary Goods | | 19.9 | 20.1 | 17.6 |
| Manufactured Goods | | 80.1 | 79.9 | 82.4 |
| International Tourism | |
| Structure of
Tourists | |
| Foreigners | 12.7 | 6.0 | 12.9 | 12.4 |
| Hong Kong and Macao Compatriots | }86.3 | }93.8 | 83.3 | 84.6 |
| Taiwan Compatriots | 3.7 | 3.0 |
| Financial Intermediation | |
| Structure of
Sources of Funds in State Banks | |
| Deposits | | 86.7 | 92.3 |
| Bonds | | бн | 1.0 |
| Liability to International Finance Institutions | | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| Currency in Circulation | | 10.7 | 8.8 |
| Others | | 2.3 | -2.3 |
| Structure of
Fund Uses in State Banks | |
| Loans | | 78.9 | 70.6 |
| Securities and Investment | | 3.9 | 13.4 |
| Capital in International Finance Institutions | | 0.6 | 0.4 |
| Purchase of Gold and Silver | | бн | 0.1 |
| Purchase of Foreign Exchanges | | 14.2 | 15.5 |
| Government Debt | | 1.7 | |
| |
| Education, Science and Culture | |
| Education | |
| Structure of
Student Enrollment | |
| College and University Students | 0.4 | 1.2 | 1.5 | 4.9 |
| Secondary School Students | 31.1 | 28.7 | 32.8 | 42.9 |
| Primary School Students | 68.5 | 70.1 | 65.7 | 52.2 |
| Full-time
Teachers by Type | |
| College and Universities | 2.4 | 4.2 | 3.9 | 6.3 |
| Secondary Schools | 37.6 | 36.6 | 40.3 | 43.9 |
| Primary Schools | 60.0 | 59.2 | 55.8 | 49.8 |
| Science and Technology | |
| Structure of
Funding for Scientific and | |
| Technological Outlay | |
| Government Fund | | 26.2 | 24.3 |
| Enterprises Fund | | 44.6 | 59.4 |
| Loans from Banks | | 13.1 | 7.5 |
| Structure of
Internal Expenditures on Scientific | |
| and Technological Activities | |
| Service Fees | | 19.9 | 24.1 |
| Purchases of Fixed Assets | | 27.5 | 27.3 |
| Research and Development Expenses | | 45.2 | 49.3 |
| |
| People's Livelihood and Environment | |
| People's Livelihood | |
| Consumption
Structure of Urban Residents | |
| Food | 57.5 | 54.5 | 46.6 | 37.1 |
| Clothing | 13.6 | 12.3 | 12.5 | 9.8 |
| Articles for Daily Use and Others | }28.9 | }33.2 | 31.5 | 42.4 |
| Residence | 9.4 | 10.7 |
| Consumption
Structure of Rural Residents | |
| Food | 67.7 | 54.8 | 55.1 | 45.6 |
| Clothing | 12.7 | 8.3 | 6.8 | 5.7 |
| Articles for Daily Use and Others | 9.3 | 17.2 | 23.7 | 32.8 |
| Residence | 10.3 | 19.7 | 14.4 | 15.9 |
| Social Welfare | |
| Structure of
Retired and Resigned Persons | |
| Retired Veterans | | 7.9 | 5.5 | 3.1 |
| Retired Persons | | 88.2 | 91.8 | 95.1 |
| Resigned Persons | | 3.9 | 2.7 | 1.8 |
| Structure of
Insurance Contribution and Welfare | |
| Funds of Retired and Resigned Persons | |
| Pensions for Retired Veterans | | 8.0 | 6.2 |
| Pensions for Retired Persons | | 69.7 | 82.4 |
| Resignation Allowances for Living Expenses | | 1.1 | 0.9 |
| Expenses for Medical Care | | 13.6 | 6.2 |
| Others | | 7.6 | 4.3 |
| Health Care | |
| Doctors by
Types | |
| Doctors | 41.9 | 45.1 | 45.1 | 39.3 |
| Nurses | 16.5 | 24.2 | 27.2 | 26.6 |
| Hospital Beds
by Area | |
| Hospitals at City Level | 38.6 | 52.0 | 63.5 | 67.9 |
| Hospitals at County Level | 61.4 | 48.0 | 36.5 | 32.1 |
| Environment and Disasters | |
| Uses of Funds
in Pollution Treatment | |
| Waste Water Treatment | | 62.5 | 39.4 |
| Waste Gas Treatment | | 24.7 | 41.5 |
| Solid Wastes Treatment | | 5.4 | 7.3 |
| Noise Abatement | | 0.7 | 0.5 |
| Others | | 6.7 | 11.3 |
| Structure of
Fire Losses Converted into Cash | |
| Extraordinarily Serious Fires | | 23.7 | 7.5 |
| Serious Fires | | 14.5 | 8.4 |
| Ordinary Fires | | 61.8 | 84.1 |
| Structure of Losses of Traffic Accidents | |
| Converted into Cash | |
| Extraordinarily Serious Fires | | 12.8 | 10.1 |
| Serious Fires | | 21.1 | 17.3 |
| Ordinary Fires | | 66.1 | 72.6 |
| a)
Structure of gross output value of industry in 1997 are the data in 1998. |
