Data in this chapter show the development of China's education and the basic conditions of the activities of China's s cience
and technology.

I. The data on education cover the situations on postgraduates, higher education (universities and colleges), secondary
education (specialized secondary schools, regular secondary schools, vocational secondary schools and schools for juvenile
delinquents), primary education (primary schools ), kindergarten education, special education (schools for the blind, deaf
-mutes, and the retarded), adult education of various levels and categories (adult universities and colleges, adult secondary
schools, and adult primary schools), and expenditure on education. The main indicators cover the number of schools, the
number of s tudents enrolled, the number of new students enrolled, the number of graduates, the number of s taff and
workers , the number of full-time teachers, sources and outlay of education fund, education expenditure from the s tate
budget.

The Ministry of Education mainly provides statis tical data on education and education funds. Data on the technical training
schools are provided by the Ministry of Labour and Social Security.

Detailed information can be found in "Statistical Yearbook on China Educational Undertakings" compiled by Department
of Planning and Development, Ministry of Education; and the "Communiqu on the Implementation of National Education
Funds" compiled jointly by Ministry of Education, National Bureau of Statistics and Ministry of Finance.

II. Data on science and technology mainly include: condition of professional scientific and technological personnel of
stateowned enterpris es and institutions; scientific and technological ins titutions with independent accounting sys tem,
scientific and technological personnel in universities and colleges and various enterprises or institutions, funds raising and
expenditure on scientific and technological activities, activities of R&D and scientific and technological achievements and
prizes; condition on applied and certified patent applications by s ervices and nonservices both domestically and overseas;
the situation of signed technological contracts on technological market; s cientific and technological activities within scientific
and technological system; major economic indicators of high and new-tech industrial zones and the condition of
comprehensive technological service agencies and their business activities.

Statis tical scope: data on scientific and technological activities include all institutions of the society engaged in those
activities , they are mainly: large and medium-s ized industrial enterpris es, scientific and technological ins titutions with
independent accounting sys tem, universities and colleges, small industrial enterprises above designated size, the
construction enterprises with firs t grade, transportation and telecommunication enterpris es at and above prefecture level,
agricultural and health care ins titutions at and above prefecture level, enterprises engaged in software development, units
engaged in scientific and technological services and so on.

Sources of data: data on national level, various enterprises, medical and health care institutions and agricultural undertakings
are from National Bureau of Statis tics; data on scientific and technologic research institutions , technological markets and
high and new-tech industrial zones are from Ministry of Science and Technology; data on scientific and technological activities
in universities and colleges are from Ministry of Education; data on scientific research institutions for defense are from
Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense. De-partment of Organization of the Central
Committee of the Communist Party of China and National Bureau of Statis tics provide the data on the number of scientific
and technological personnel. The China Association for Science and Technology provides data on the scientific and
technological activities of the associations for science and technology. Data on the development of the mapping,
meteorology, seismology, ocean, supervision and checking of the products quality and patents are provided s eparately by
the National Bureau of Surveying and Mapping, China Meteorological Administration, China Seismological Bureau, National
Bureau of Marine, General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine and State Intellectual Property
Office.

Statistical methodology: data on industrial enterprises, scientific and technological institutions with independent accounting
system and scientific and technological activities of universities and colleges are collected through complete surveys, of which
data on large and medium-sized industrial enterprises are following the scheme of annual reporting system, and that of
small industrial enterprises above the designated size are reporting the data every other year. Data on scientific and
technological as sociation, mapping, meteorology, seismology, ocean, supervision and checking of the products quality and
patent applications are through s ample surveys and other surveys . Data on construction, transportation, telecommunication,
software indus try, agriculture and health care are from rolling survey system with 5 years as one cycle.

Changes of the s tatistical scope of data on scientific and technological activities: before 2000, data only included large and
medium-sized industrial enterprises , scientific res earch institutions with independent accounting system, and universities
and colleges. Since 2000 (inclusive), data include: small industrial enterprises , construction sector, transportation s ector,
telecommunication sector, software sector, agriculture and health care agencies.