Gross Output Value of Farming, Forestry, Animal Husbandry and Fishery refers to the total value of products of
farming, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, and total value of services rendered to support farming, forestry, animal
husbandry and fishery activities. It reflects the total scale and results of agricultural production during a given period. Prior to
1957, Chinas gross agricultural output value included barnyard manure and handicraft products for self-consumption (clothes,
shoes, stockings, and initial grain processing undertaken by peasants). Since 1958, cutting and felling of bamboo and trees
by villages and other cooperative organizations under villages have been included in forestry; value of barnyard manure has
been excluded from animal husbandry; self consumed handicrafts has been excluded from sideline occupations, while the
output value of industries run by villages and cooperative organizations under village had been included in sideline
occupations and the output value of fish catches by motor fishing boats has been added to fishery. Since 1980, the value of
handicraft products made for sale by individuals in households had been added to sideline occupations. Since 1984,
industries run by villages and under villages have been included in the sector of industry. Since 1993, the subdivision of
sideline occupations has been canceled, and the hunting of wild animals has been classified into animal husbandry, and the
gathering of wild plants and commodity industry run by rural household have been included in farming. A new industrial
classification of economic activities was introduced in 2003. Under the new classification, value of services to farming, forestry,
animal husbandry and fishery is included in the gross output value of agriculture, value of wood felling and transport is
included in forestry, value of industrial output by rural households is not included in agriculture, and the collection of wild
forest products is taken from agriculture and included in the forestry. The first agriculture census of China revealed some
discrepancy between the production of animal products from the annual reports and that from the census. Efforts were made
by the Rural Socio-economic Survey Organization of NBS to adjust the output value of animal husbandry to make the figures
from the annual reports consistent with the census data.
Gross output value of agriculture is obtained by first multiplying the output of each product or by product by its price, resulting
in the output value of each single item. For a small number of products, annual output of which is not available or difficult to
get due to the long production (growing) process involved, the output value is estimated through an indirect approach. The
sum of output value of all products of farming, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery is then equal to the gross output value
of agriculture.
Grain Output refers to the total output in the whole country including grains produced by state farms, collective units, rural
households, as well as by farms affiliated to industrial and mining enterprises and other production units. Grain includes rice,
wheat, corn, sorghum, millet and other miscellaneous grains as well as tubers and bean. Output of beans refers to dry beans
without pods. The output of tubers (sweet potatoes and potatoes, not including taros and cassava) was converted into that of
grain at the ratio 4:1, i.e. 4 kilograms of fresh tubers was equivalent to 1 kilogram of grain up to 1963. Since 1964 the ratio
for conversion has been 5:1. Tubers supplied as vegetables (such as potatoes) in cities and suburbs are calculated as fresh
vegetables and their output is not included in the output of grain. Output of all other grains refers to husked grain. Data on
grain production before 1989 were obtained through Comprehensive Statistical Reporting System. Since 1989, data from
sample surveys are used.
Cotton Output refers to the cotton production in the whole country including cotton sown in spring and in autumn. Output is
measured as the weight of ginned cotton. Three kilograms of seed-cotton are equivalent to 1 kilogram of ginned cotton,
excluding ceiba.
Output of Oil-bearing Crops refers to the total production of oil-bearing crops of various kinds, including peanuts, (dry, in
shell) rapeseeds, sesame, sunflower seeds, flax seeds, and other oil-bearing crops. Soybeans, oil-bearing woody plants, and
wild oil-bearing crops are not included.
Output of Aquatic Products refers to catches of both artificially cultured and naturally grown aquatic products, including
fish, shrimps, crabs and shellfish in sea and inland water as well as seaweed. Freshwater plants are not included. Data on
output of aquatic products are reported by aquatic product and statistical agencies level by level. Before 1995, among the
shellfish, the oyster was counted as fresh meat; 5 kilograms of ark shell, clams and frogs are equivalent to 1 kilogram of
fresh aquatic products; they are all counted as fresh aquatic products since 1996.
Output of Pork, Beef, and Mutton refers to the meat of slaughtered hogs, cattle, sheep and goats with head, feet, and
offal taken away. Data refers to the production of the whole country. The first agriculture census of China in 1996 revealed
some discrepancy between the production of animal products from the annual reports and that from the census. Efforts were
made by the Rural Socio-economic Survey Organization of NBS to adjust the output value of animal husbandry to make the
figures from the annual reports consistent with the census data. Since 1999, NBS conducted sample survey for the major
animal husbandry products, such as hogs, cattle, sheep and goats and fowls, and the data from sample surveys are used as
national finalized data. Those products, which are not covered by the sample survey, are still reported by statistical agencies
level by level.
Number of Livestock or Poultry in Stock at Beginning (or End) refers to the total number of large animals, pigs,
sheep, fowls, etc. raised by rural cooperative organizations, state farms, rural individuals, government agencies, schools,
industrial and mining enterprises, army, and urban residents at the beginning (or end) of the reference period. Data reporting
system and data adjustment are the same as that in the output of pork, beef and mutton.
Regularly Cultivated Land refers to farmland among the total land resources, which is exclusively used for farming and is
under regular cultivation with harvest in normal years. Included are currently cultivated land, land that has been abandoned or
put in idle for less than 3 years and could be re-used for cultivation at any time, and new-claimed land that has been put into
cultivation for more than 3 years. According to statistical coverage, it includes the gouges, dykes, roads and ridges of field
with 1 meter wide in Southern areas and 2 meters wide in Northern areas. Excluded under this category are steep slope land
over 25 degrees under temporary cultivation, land (large or small plots) that is claimed along river bends, lake sides or
banks of reservoirs, as well as land that has been designated under the "Green for Grain" programmes of the state and
provincial governments but is still temporarily under cultivation. The regularly cultivated land is the key protection land of the
nation, an important indicator reflecting the comprehensive productivity of agriculture of China.
Sown Area of Crops refers to area of land sown or transplanted with crops regardless of being in cultivated area or non-
cultivated area. Area of land re-sown due to natural disasters is also included. This is an important indicator that can reflect
the utilization condition of the cultivated land in China. At present, the sown area of crops mainly include the following 9
categories of crops: grain, cotton, oil-bearing crops, sugar crops, fiber crops, Tobacco, Vegetables and melons, medicinal
materials and other farm crops.
Irrigated Area refers to areas that are effectively irrigated, i.e. level land, which has water source and complete sets of
irrigation facilities to lift and move adequate water for irrigation purpose under normal conditions. Under normal conditions,
irrigated area is the sum of watered fields and irrigated fields where irrigation systems or equipment have been installed for
regular irrigation purpose. This important indicator reflects drought resistance capacity of the cultivated land in China.
Consumption of Chemical Fertilizers in Agriculture refers to the quantity of chemical fertilizers applied in agriculture
in the year, including nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, and compound fertilizer. The consumption of
chemical fertilizers is required in calculation to convert the gross weight into weight containing 100% effective component (e.g.
100% nitrogen content in nitrogenous fertilizer, 100% phosphorous pent oxide contents in phosphate fertilizer, 100%
potassium oxide contents in potash fertilizer). Compound fertilizer is converted with its major component. The formula is :
Volume of effective component= physical quantity x effective component of certain chemical fertilizer (%)
Total Power of Farm Machinery refers to total mechanical power of machinery used in farming, forestry, animal
husbandry, and fishery, including ploughing, irrigation and drainage, harvesting, transport, plant protection, stock breeding,
forestry and fishery. The power of internal combustion engines is required to convert horsepower into watts and the power of
electric motors is required to be converted into watts. Machinery employed for non-agricultural purposes, such as the
machines used in township run and village-run industry, construction, non-agricultural transport, scientific experiments and
teaching, is excluded. Data are mainly from agricultural machinery agencies.
Rural Employed Persons refer to rural labor forces aged over 16 years old who are engaged in real production and
management activities and receive payment in kind or wages, including those covered within the age frame and regularly
participating in production activities, and those who are out of the range of age frame and also participating in production
activities regularly. Excluding students studying in other places with their permanent residence registered in local areas,
servicemen and persons incapable of working; also excluding those who are waiting for jobs and those engaged in household
work. Persons employed are classified as rural employed persons; industrial employed persons; construction industry
employed persons; transport, storage and telecommunications industries employed persons; whole sales and retail sales
trade and catering industry employed persons and others according to the longest period of employment in major activities
(or using income indicator when period of employment is the same).
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