Economically Active Population refers to the population aged 16 and over who are capable to work, are particip ating in
or willing to participate in economic activities , including employed persons and unemployed persons.

Employed Persons refer to the persons who are engaged in social working and receive remuneration payment or earn
business income, including total staff and workers, re-employed retirees, emp loyers of private ent erprises, self-employ ed
workers, emp loyees in private enterprises and individual economy, employees in township enterp rises, emp loyed persons
in the rural areas , and other employed persons (including teachers in t he schools run by the local people, people engaged
in religious profession and t he servicemen, etc.). This indicator reflects the actual ut iliz ation of tot al labour force during a
certain period of time and is often used for the research on China's economic situation and national power.

Persons Employed in Various Units refer t o all t he persons working in government agencies of various levels, political
and party organizations, social organizations, enterprises and institutions , and receiving wages or other forms of payment.
They include fully-employ ed s taff and workers, re-employed ret irees, teachers in schools run by t he local people,
foreigners and Chinese compatriots from Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan working in various units, part -time employees ,
employ ees of other units working temporarily at current post s, and employees holding the second job, but exclude staff and
workers who have left t heir working units while keeping their labour contract (employment relation) unchanged. This indicator
reflects t he total number of laborers actually engaged in production or other operations in various units.

Persons Employed in Private Enterprises and Self-Empl oyed Indi vidual s in Urban Areas Persons employed in
privat e enterprises refer t o the persons employed in the p rivate enterp ris es which have been regis tered at the
departments of indust rial and commercial adminis trat ion and are sit uated at a county town (i.e. a town where the county
government is located) for business operat ion or at urban areas with the level higher than a count y town. The self-employed
individuals in urban areas refer to p ersons who hold the certificates of res idence in urban areas or have resided in the urban
areas for a long time and have been regis tered at the departments of industrial and commercial administ ration and ap
proved t o be engaged in individual industrial or commercial bus iness, including self-employed p ersons as well as helpers
and hired labourers who work in the individual households engaged in industrial or commercial business.

Re gistered Urban Unempl oyed Pe rsons refer t o t he persons with non-agricultural hous ehold registration at cert ain
working ages (16-50 years for male and 16-45 years for females), who are capable of work, unemp loyed and willing to work,
and have been regist ered at the local emp loyment service agencies to apply for a job.

Registered Urban Unemployment Rate refers to t he ratio of the number of the regis tered unemployed persons to the
sum of t he number of persons employed in various unit s (minus the rural labour force, ret irees, and Hong Kong, Macao,
Taiwan or foreign employ ees they employ) laid-off workers in urban units, owners and employ ees in urban private
enterprises, urban self-employed individuals and the registered urban unemployed persons. The formula is as follows:

Registered urban unemployment rate = number of registered urban unemployed p ersons ÷(number of persons employed
in urban units - rural labour force employed - retirees emp loyed - Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan or foreign employ ees
employ + laid-off workers + owners and employees in urban privat e enterprises + self-employed individuals in urban areas +
regis tered urban unemployed persons)× 100%.

Staff and Workers refer to p ersons working in, and receive payment from units of state ownership, collective ownership
, joint ownership, share holding ownership, foreign ownership, and ownership by entrepreneurs from Hong Kong, Macao,
and Taiwan, and other ty pes of ownership and t heir affiliated units. They do not include 1) p ersons employed in t ownship
enterprises, 2) persons employed in private ent erpris es, 3) urban self-employed persons, 4) retirees, 5) re-employed ret
irees, 6) teachers in the schools run by the local p eople, 7) foreigners and persons from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan who
work in urban units, and 8) other p ersons not to be included by relevant regulations. (Data of 1998 and afterward refer to
fully employed staff and workers. Other related s tatistics such as total wage bill and average wage are adjust ed since 1998
accordingly).

State -owned Units refer to economic unit s whose assets are owned by the state. Included are non-corporation units
registered according to Regulation of the People's Rep ublic of China on the Regis tration of Ent erprises and Corporations, s
tate organs, instit utions and social organizations at the central and local levels.

Col lective Units refer t o economic unit s regis tered according to Regulation of the People's Republic of China on the
Registrat ion of Enterprises and Corporations where the means of production are collectively owned.

Units of Other Types of Owne rship refer to units registered with other types of ownership, including cooperative units,
joint ownership units, limited companies, share holding corporations, units invested by entrepreneurs from Hong Kong,
Macao, and Taiwan, and foreign-invested units.

Fully Employed Staff and Workers refer to persons who work in, and receive wages from their working units, as well
as p ersons who have their work posts, but are temporarily absent from work for reasons of study or on sick, injury or
maternal leave and s till receive wages from their working units.

Total Wages Bill refer to the total remuneration payment to staff and workers in various units during a certain period of
time. The calculat ion of total wages is based on the total remuneration p ayment to t he s taff and workers. Therefore, all t
he wages and salaries and other payments to staff and workers are included in the total wages regardless of their sources,
category, and forms (in kind or cash). (Total wages of staff and workers in this yearbook include only total wages of fully emp
loyed s taff and workers, excluding the living allowances distributed to those who have left their working units while keeping t
heir labour contract/employment relat ion unchanged).

Average Wage refers to the average wage in money terms per person during a certain period of time for staff and workers
in enterprises, inst itutions, and government agencies, which reflects the general level of wage income during a cert ain period
of time and is calculat ed as follows:

Average Wage = Total Wages of Staff and Workers at the
Report/Average Number of Staff and Workers at the Report Period.

Average Wage Indices refers to the rat io of average wage of st aff and workers in the report period t o t hat in t he base
period, which reflects the change of wage of staff and workers at the different p eriod. It is calculated as follows:

Average Wage Indices = Average Wage of Staff and Workers at the Report Period / Average Wage of Staff and Workers at
the Base Period *100%

Average Real Wage Indices average real wage of staff and workers refers t o the average wage of staff and workers aft
er removing the effects of t he price changes and average real wage indices of staff and workers refers to t he change of real
wage, which reflects the relative increasing or decreasing level of real wage of staff and workers, which is calculated as follows:

Average Real Wage Indices = Average Wage Indices of Staff and Workers at t he Report Period / Urban Consumer Price
Indices at the Report Period *100%

Professional Personnel refers to the persons who are engaged in sp ecial profes sional work or in profes sional
management who got the titles of a profes sional p ost before 1983 or who were appointed to profes sional positions since
1984.

Professional personnel specifically refers to engineering profes sionals, agricultural professionals, scientific research
professionals (natural science researchers, social science researchers and laborat ory technicians), health professionals,
teaching professionals (including ins titutions of higher education, sp ecialized secondary schools, technical schools, regular
secondary s chools, and p rimary schools), civil aviat ion professionals, nautical professionals, economic profes sionals ,
accounting p rofessionals, st atistical profess ionals , interpretation profess ionals , library professionals, archives
professionals, professionals of culture, arts and cultural relics, newsman and publishing professionals, lawy ers, not ary
professionals, radio and television announcers, industrial arts professionals, sport s profess ionals, artists and political
professionals.

Professional management p ersonnel sp ecifically refers to the managers of enterprises and institutions, the personnel
engaged in the management of product ion, techniques, economic and polit ical aspect s in the funct ional departments
under t he enterprise and institution, production workshops and accessorial workshops (or accessorial production units) under
the enterpris es.

Profess ional personnel excluded the personnel managed by or according to t he system of civil servants.