Total Investment in Fixed Assets in the Whole Country refers to the volume of activities in construction and
purchases of fixed assets and related fees, expressed in monetary terms. It is a comprehensive indicator which shows the
size, structure and growth of the investment in fixed assets, providing basis for observing the progress of construction
projects and evaluating results of investment. Total investment in fixed assets in the whole country includes, by type of
ownership, the investment by the state-owned units, collective units, individuals, joint ownership units, share-holding units, as
well as investment by businessmen from foreign countries and from Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan, and by other units.
Urban Investment in Fixed Assets refer to construction projects involving a total planned (or required) investment of
500,000 yuan and over by urban enterprises and institutions of various types of ownership, by administrative units and by
individuals, investment in real estate development, and housing investment by individuals in urban areas and in industrial
and mining areas. In other words, all investments that take place in county towns and urban areas, investment in construction
projects under the direct leadership and management of government agencies at and above county levels and investments
by enterprises and institutions at and above county levels are covered in urban investment in fixed assets.
Investment in Real Estate Development refers to the investment by the real estate development companies,
commercial buildings construction companies and other real estate development units of various types of ownership in the
construction of house buildings, such as residential buildings, factory buildings, warehouses, hotels, guesthouses, holiday
villages, office buildings, and the complementary service facilities and land development projects, such as roads, water
supply, water drainage, power supply, heating, telecommunications, land leveling and other projects of infrastructure. It
excludes the activities in pure land transactions.
Investment in Housing Construction in Urban Areas and in Industrial and Mining Areas refers to all private
housing construction under the jurisdiction of cities, county towns and industrial and mining areas, no matter whether the
owner of the house is registered as the permanent resident in the locality or not.
Investment in Rural Areas refers to investment in fixed assets by enterprises, institutions and individuals in rural areas.
Total Size of Construction refers to the planned total investment for all construction projects during the reference
period.
Total Size of Investment in Projects under Construction refers to the planned total investment of all projects under
construction at the end of the reference period.
Net Size of Investment in Projects under Construction refers to the required investment of all projects under
construction at the end of the reference period.
Net Size of Investment = Total Size of Investment – accumulated completed investment
Sources of Funds for Investment in Fixed Assets include fund from state budget, domestic loans, foreign
investment, self-raised funds, and others depending on the source of investment.
(1) Fund from state budget consists of budgetary appropriation and loans from state budget. More specifically, it includes,
from the budget of the central government, capital construction fund (operation fund and non-operational fund), special
expenses (e.g. expenses on substituting petroleum with coal), loans from repayment, discount fund, expenses on innovation
and trial production of new products, expenses on urban construction, expenses on temporary construction by trade
departments, development fund for less developed areas, as well as local budgetary fund transferred from the central
budget.
(2) Domestic loans refer to loans of various forms borrowed by investing units from banks and non-bank financial institutions
during the reference period for the purpose of investment in fixed assets, including loans issued by banks from their self-
owned funds and deposit, loans appropriated by higher responsible authorities, special loans by government (including loan
for substituting petroleum with coal, special loan for reform-through-labour coal mines), loans arranged by local government
from special funds, domestic reserve loan, and working loan, etc..
(3) Foreign Investment refers to foreign funds received during the reference period for the construction and purchase of
investment in fixed assets (covering equipment, materials and technology), including foreign borrowings (loans from foreign
governments and international financial institutions, export credit, commercial loans from foreign banks, issue of bonds and
stocks overseas), foreign direct investment and other foreign investment. Excluded in this category are capitals in foreign
exchanges owned by China (foreign exchanges owned by the central and local governments, foreign exchanges retained by
enterprises, foreign exchanges by enterprises through regulating mechanism, loans in foreign exchanges issued by the Bank
of China with its own fund, etc.). In calculating the utilization of foreign capitals, foreign currencies are converted into Chinese
Renminbi applying the current exchange rate when the foreign capitals are actually used.
(4) Self-raised funds refer to extra-budgetary funds for investment in fixed assets received by investing units from central
government ministries, local governments, enterprises and institutions, including their self-raised funds.
(5) Others refer to funds for investment in fixed assets received from the sources other than those listed above, including
capitals raised through issuing bonds by enterprises or financial institutions, funds raised from individuals and through
donations, and funds transferred from other units.
Investment in Fixed Assets by Sector The classification of construction projects by sector is determined by the major
products or the purpose of the projects when they are put into production or use, and by the nature of their social economic
activities. In general, one project or one enterprise or institution can only be classified into one sector.
Investment in Fixed Assets by Jurisdiction of Management refers to the classification of investment by the
competent authorities under which investment is made by construction units, enterprises, institutions or administrative units.
(1) Central investment refers to the investment in projects or by enterprises, institutions or administrative units which are
under the direct leadership and management of the CPC Central Committee, the NPC Standing Committee, the State Council
and of the national commissions, ministries, agencies and state-owned large corporations. Various ministries and
departments of the State Council prepare and implement plans for investment in fixed assets by those departments, and
arrange and ensure the supply of materials and key equipment required for the projects.
(2) Local investment refers to the investment in projects or by enterprises, institutions or administrative units which are under
the direct leadership and management of departments under the provincial, prefecture and county governments. Also
included are projects by foreign-invested enterprises and enterprises without competent managing authorities.
Investment in Fixed Assets by Type of Construction The construction projects in general can be classified, by the
type of construction, into new construction, expansion, reconstruction and technical transformation, moving and restoration.
However, investment by type of construction is not applied to investment by real-estate development units, investment in
rural areas and investment in housing by urban individuals.
(1) New construction in general refers to newly constructed enterprises, institutions, administrative agencies or independent
projects from scratch. Construction in the existing enterprises, institutions or agencies is not considered as new construction.
In case the assets of the existing unit is quite small, and the value of newly added fixed assets exceeds the original value of
assets by three times, the expansion will be considered as new construction.
(2) Expansion refers to construction of new major production workshop, branch factory or independent production line within a
factory or in other locations, for the purpose of increasing the production capacity (or improving efficiency) of the original
products. Newly constructed houses for the operation of institutions and administrative organizations (such as the newly
constructed buildings for teaching in schools, buildings for clinics or wards in hospitals, etc.) are also classified as expansion.
Also included in the expansion are investments by existing enterprises or institutions in building major production line(s) or
branch factory(ies) along with some work on innovation, for the purpose of expending the production capacity of original
products or producing new products.
(3) Reconstruction refers to construction projects by existing enterprises or institutions in innovation or technical
transformation of the old facilities (including auxiliary production equipment and welfare facilities). Also considered as
reconstruction is the construction of new workshops by the existing enterprises or institutions to change the variety of products
to meet the market demand (such as the production of civil products by defence industries), or to bring the designed
production capacity into full play through a more balanced production process on production lines. Technical transformation
refers to replacement of old technology or equipment by new technology or equipment, in order to expand the reproduction
through improvement of technology contents in production, to improve product quality, to promote new products, to save
energy and reduce consumption and to improve overall social-economic efficiency. Contents of technical transformation
include: updating of machinery, equipment and tools; reforming production process by using energy or materials saving
technology; construction of factory workshops and transformation of public facilities; improvement of working conditions and
environment, etc.
Investment in Fixed Assets by Structure By their contents, investment activities are classified into 3 categories, i.e.
construction and installation, purchase of equipment and instrument, and other expenses.
(1) Construction and installation (work volume of construction and installation) refers to the construction of various houses
and buildings and installation of various kinds of equipment and instruments. They include construction of various houses;
equipment foundations, industrial kilns and stoves, and metal structure work; preparation works for project construction, and
clearing up works post project construction; pavement of railways and roads, drilling of mines and putting up of oil pipes;
construction of projects of water conservancy; construction of underground air-raid shelters and construction of other special
projects; value of equipment for heating, sanitation, ventilation, lighting, gas, painting, etc. that are covered by the budget of
housing projects; laying out of various pipelines (for steam, compressed air, petroleum, tap water and sewage) and lines for
electric power and for communications; installation of various machinery equipment, testing operation for pre-testing the
quality of installation projects, and land and other development work conducted by real estate developers for commercial
housing. The value of equipment installed is not included in the value of installation projects.
(2) Purchase of equipment and instruments refers to the total value of equipment, tools, and instruments purchased or self-
produced which come up to standards for fixed assets by the construction units or investing enterprises or institutions.
Equipment, tools and instruments purchased or self-produced for new workshops by newly established or expanded units are
categorized as “purchase of equipment and instruments” no matter whether they come up to the standards for fixed assets.
(3) Other expenses refer to expenses occurring during the construction or purchase of fixed assets other than those
mentioned above.
Projects under Construction refer to projects with construction and installation activities undertaken in the reference
period. All projects that have construction activities undertaken during the reference period are reported as projects under
construction irrespective of the length of construction work. The number of projects under construction can reflect the actual
size of investment in fixed assets during a given period, and when compared with the number of projects completed and put
into use during the same period, it demonstrates the results of investment in fixed assets. Depending on the nature of
construction activities, projects under construction can also be classified into projects under construction in current year,
winding-up projects in current year and stopped or suspended projects in previous years (with preservation work in current
year).
Projects Completed and Put into Use Industrial projects refer to the major projects and accessory facilities completed
which result in forming production capacity and have been checked and accepted while the living and welfare facilities have
been completed and can ensure normal production and formally put into production. Non-industrial projects refer to the major
projects and accessory facilities completed which possess the designed capacity and have been checked, accepted and
formally put into production.
Newly Increased Production Capacity (or Project Efficiency) refers to the increase of designed capacity (or project
efficiency) through investment in fixed assets, which reflects the accomplishment of investment in fixed assets in kind and
serves as important basis for evaluating the economic efficiency of investment.
The newly increased production capacity (project efficiency) are usually expressed in one of the following forms:
(1) output of products, i.e. the output that the project can produce during a given period (usually a year). For instance, the
capacity in coal mining is expressed in 10,000 tons/year, the capacity in producing chemical pesticides expressed in ton/year,
the capacity in producing tractors in tractor/year, etc. For some chemical products where the effective contents differ
significantly, the production capacity is expressed as the designed effective content equivalent, such as in the case of
sulphuric acid, soda ash, caustic soda, etc;
(2) raw materials processing capacity, i.e. the volume of raw materials that could be processed by the project per day (or per
hour), such as tons of materials processed per day by a sugar refining project or edible vegetable oil project, or tons of urban
sewage processed per day;
(3) number or capacity of major equipment increased, such as number of cotton or silk looms increased, wool spindles
increased, or capacity (in kilowatts) of power generators increased; and
(4) physical measures (volume, capacity, area, and length) of construction, which is typical for non-industrial projects, for
instance, the length of railways put into operation, the length of highways, the capacity of reservoirs, the capacity of
warehouses, the floor space of housing projects, capacity for new students in schools or beds in hospitals, areas under new
irrigation project, etc.
Features of projects sometimes call for combined use of two or more measurement to reflect the increased production
capacity (or project efficiency), for instance, the new capacity for the production of internal combustion engines are expressed
in sets per year and kilowatts per year simultaneously.
To standardize the nomenclature and unit of measurement for new production capacity (or project efficiency), the National
Bureau of Statistics has developed Nomenclature and Codes for New Production Capacity (Project Efficiency). All reporting units with
investment activities are required to follow these two nomenclatures in reporting statistics on new production capacity (project
efficiency).
Floor Space of Buildings under Construction refers to total floor space of the horizontal section of outer walls above
the plinth of the building, including the effective area and the area occupied by the structure. This indicator is one of the
important indicators in physical terms to reflect the scale and accomplishment of the construction industry, and important
basis for monitoring the progress, calculating the cost, analyzing the efficiency and studying the supply of building materials
in relation with the construction projects.
Floor Space of Residential Buildings refers to the floor space of the residential buildings among the total space of
buildings under construction or completed.
Floor Space under Construction refers to total floor space of all buildings under construction during the reference
period, including floor space of newly started buildings during the reference period, floor space of construction extended from
the previous period to the current period, and floor space of construction suspended during the previous period and resumed
in the current period. Floor space of construction completed in the current period, and floor space of construction started and
then suspended in the current period are also included in the floor space under construction of the current year.
Floor Space of Buildings Completed refers to the floor space of all buildings completed in the reference period, which
have been appraised and accepted (or come up to the designed standards) and have been transferred to the owners for use.
Completion Rate of Floor Space of Buildings refers to the ratio of the floor space of buildings completed in certain
period of time to the floor space of buildings under construction in the same period. This indicator reflects the investment
result from the perspective of the speed of construction.
Newly Increased Fixed Assets refer to the newly increased value of fixed assets, constructed or purchased, that have
been transferred to the investors. This is an indicator that demonstrates the results of investment in fixed assets in monetary
terms, and an important indicator to reflect the speed of construction and to calculate the efficiency of investment.
Rate of Construction Projects Completed and Put into Use refers to the ratio of the number of construction projects
completed and put into use in certain period of time to the number of projects under construction in the same period. This
reflects the investment efficiency from the perspective of the speed of projects construction.
Rate of Projects of Fixed Assets Completed and Put into Operation refers to the ratio of the newly increased fixed
assets to the total investment made in the same period. This is a comprehensive indicator reflecting the speed of the
employment of fixed assets and the investment efficiency at the macro-level. As the newly increase fixed assets is the result
of a long period while the investment is completed in the current year, this indicator is expected to be used to reflect the
employment of fixed assets over a long period of time.
Area of Commercial Housing Sold refers to total contracted area of commercial housing (i.e. area of floor space as
designated in the formal contracts signed by both sides) during the reference time. It constitutes floor space of completed
housing and floor space of future housing.
Value of Commercial Housing Sold refer to total value of contracts (i.e. value of sales/purchase for selling/purchase of
commercial housing as designated in the contracts signed by both sides) during the reference time. It has the same coverage
as the area of commercial housing sold, constituting completed housing and floor space of future housing
Economically Affordable Housing refers to housing constructed according to the state plan for economically affordable
housing. Houses of this category featured in low cost in construction and low prices, and therefore are affordable to mid-
income or low income households. Economically affordable housing projects are developed by real estate companies under
the state investment plan, with the land provided through government allocation or tendering procedures. Developers are
exempted from land utilization fees and enjoy another 50% exemption of all other legitimate fees, while their profits are
limited to less than 3%, and the completed houses are sold under the government-guided prices. This indicator helps to
analyze the investment structure of the real estate industry and the demand and supply of housing for mid or low income
households. | 