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By the end of last century, China has primarily achieved the great goal of popularizing the nine-year compulsory education and fundamentally guaranteed the rights and interests of all children to receive the compulsory education. In recent years, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council have put rural education as a top priority, clearly pointing out that the new allocation of education expenses shall be primarily used for meeting the demand of education in rural areas. The thorny project of "two basic targets" of universal nine-year compulsory education and eradication of illiteracy among young and middle-aged people in the mid-western regions, the "Modern Distance Education Project for Rural Primary and Middle Schools" and the policies of "free textbooks, subsidies for lodging expenses and exemption from miscellaneous expenses"(hereinafter referred to the policy of "two exemptions and one subsidy") for financially aiding those students from poor families to attend school, effectively promote the balanced development of compulsory education between different regions and between urban and rural areas. All regions shall take effective measures in an effort to narrow down the discrepancy in the development of compulsory education. As China still remains at the primary stage of socialism, there exist problems such as the unbalanced economic and social development among different regions and an extruding conflict of urban-rural dual structure. Although the compulsory education of all regions have developed in recent years, there still exist discrepancies between urban and rural areas, between different regions and between different schools, and there is a tendency of a widening discrepancy in some regions and in certain aspects, which has turned into a problem that needs highlighted attention in the development of compulsory education. In order to further promote the balanced development of compulsory education, we hereby put forward the following opinions on the relevant work: I. REACHING A COMMON UNDERSTANDING AND PLACING THE FURTHER PROMOTION OF BALANCED DEVELOPMENT OF COMPULSORY EDUCATION ON TOP OF THE AGENDA 1. The administrative departments of education at all levels shall, from the height of practicing the important thought of the "Three Represents" and carrying out the "scientific development concept", fully realize the important role of promoting an balanced development of compulsory education in building a harmonious socialist society and regard this work as another important task after the realization of the "two basic targets" project in the development of compulsory education, deliberate and put forward target tasks, implementation steps and policies and measures for promoting the balanced development of compulsory education within the local region and include it into the overall planning of reform and development of local education. At the present time, the departments shall carry into effect the working guideline of "consolidate, deepen, enhance and develop", further put the work focus of compulsory education into effect by successfully managing every school and paying attention to the sound growth of every child, effectively crack down the tendency of an increasingly widening of educational discrepancies between urban and rural areas, between different regions and between different schools, actively improve the conditions for the operation of those rural schools and urban weak schools so as to realize the balanced development of compulsory education step by step. 2. The administrative departments of education at all levels shall actively strive for the support of the people's governments and the relevant departments, and while establishing and improving a public finance system for ensuring the balanced development of compulsory education, base themselves on their duties and, by means of formulating and improving all policies of and measures for education, make efforts to promote the balanced development of compulsory education. The departments shall, while earnestly organizing and implementing all the state major projects or programs of compulsory education, set the work focus on promoting the balanced development of compulsory education in counties (prefectures, districts) and work hard to realize a step-by-step promotion within a larger scope. The relevant departments shall, while promoting the integrated development of compulsory education, place enhancing the education quality of rural schools and reconstructing urban weak schools in a more important position. The departments shall, while carrying into effect the overall requirements of the balanced development of compulsory education, insist on the principle of seeking truth from facts, taking appropriate measures in light of the peculiarities of their locality so as to create effective practice and experience that fit into the local actual situations. Those regions with mature conditions shall, at the same time, promote the balanced development of the education at the pre-school stage and senior high school stage. II. TAKING ACTIVE MEASURES FOR NARROWING DOWN THE DISCREPANCY REGARDING SCHOOL-RUNNING CONDITIONS 3. The administrative departments of education at the provincial level shall, according to the relevant provisions of the state and local actual conditions, formulate or improve the basic requirements for the school running conditions of those schools of compulsory education. All counties (prefectures, districts) shall formulate plans for reconstructing those weak schools that fail to meet the basic requirements regarding school-running conditions within a prescribed period, concentrate efforts on accelerating the process of reconstructing weak schools so as to reduce the number of weak schools within their respective jurisdictions on a year-by-year base. The departments shall bring the reaming and exemplary functions of those public schools with high-quality educational resources into full play, adopt forms such as conforming and reorganizing the aforesaid public schools and those weak schools and pooling educational resources between them to promote the reconstruction of those weak schools. The relevant departments shall get adapted to the tendency of accelerating the construction of urbanization in all regions, adjusting the rural organizational system and population change and relocate the resources of public education in a reasonable manner and, when building, extending or rebuilding schools, properly adjust and withdraw those weak schools that are of insufficient student sources, poor school-running conditions, low-quality education, and solve the problem of large classes of schools in populated towns, counties and the neighboring areas thereof. 4. The administrative departments of education at all levels shall, under the unified leadership of the local people's governments and in collaboration with all relevant departments, put priority on ensuring the expenses needed for the promotion of balanced development of compulsory education. The departments shall effectively carry into effect the "three growths" of educational expenses and the requirements that the new allocation of education expenses shall be primarily used for rural education. A preferential policy of education expenses shall be adopted in the reconstruction of weak schools and the addition of urban education expenses shall be primarily used for the reconstruction of weak schools. 5. The administrative departments of education at the provincial level shall, in collaboration with the relevant departments, further adjust the expenditure structure of educational expenses, put emphasis on supporting the development of compulsory education in the rural areas, poor areas and ethic minority areas, intensify the special transfer payment for those regions with economic difficulties, urge the fulfillment of adopting the basic standard for public spending on average student to receive primary or middle education and the allocation standard for budgetary public spending on average student. At the same time, the administrative departments of education at the county level shall intensify the overall planning for all items of educational expenses, employ all possible means to increase the input for the rural schools and urban weak schools so as to effectively improve the school-running conditions for the rural schools and urban weak schools. 6. The principle of attending the public school of compulsory education in the neighborhood without examination shall be upheld. Effective measures shall be taken to accelerate the balanced development of compulsory education, intensify the administration of education according to law, further regulate the management of schools and effectively crack down the overspreading momentum of choosing among schools in the phase of compulsory education. No public school of compulsory education may hold any key school or do so in disguise. Any public school with high-quality educational resources shall not be altered into any privately-run school or adopt any high-charge standard in the name of system reform. The administrative departments of education at all levels shall guide all high-quality schools to play an exemplary role in aspects such as implementing quality education in an all-around way, intensifying the faculty construction and making efforts to improve the education quality. Any crazy vying with each other on the hardware construction shall be strictly prohibited. III. MAKING OVERALL PLANNING FOR FACULTY RESOURCES AND INTENSIFYING THE FACULTY CONSTRUCTION OF RURAL SCHOOLS AND URBAN WEAK SCHOOLS 7. The administrative departments of education at the county level shall perform administrative functions such as quality accreditation, recruitment and employment, qualification evaluation and position appointment, trainings, allocation and exchange and assessment of teachers in rural primary and middle schools, and intensify the overall administration and reasonable allocation of faculty resources. The departments shall, in strict accordance with the relevant provisions, deploy sufficient qualified teachers for all primary and middle schools with quality and quantity guaranteed. The departments shall, when verifying the faculty staffing, employ preferable policies for those rural schools and those newly recruited teachers shall firstly meet the demand of rural schools and urban weak schools. The departments shall take all effective measures to establish systems such as circuit teaching of those backbone teachers within the region, flowing teaching by teachers in badly needed subjects, the serving term for urban teachers to teach in rural schools. The departments shall actively guide the overstaffed teachers to float to those rural schools in short of staff, effectively solve the problem of insufficient rural teachers and the overall low level of quality. The departments shall take effective measures to realize identical salary treatment for teachers of the same kind and gradually elevate the proportion of teachers from rural primary or middle schools in the appointment of senior special positions and in commendations and rewards, and shall make efforts to improve the treatment for those teachers working in rural areas. 8. All regions shall work hard to increase the training expenses for teachers, strengthen the training of those backbone teachers in rural schools and urban weak schools. We should organize normal colleges, general colleges and faculty training institutions so as to make efforts to intensify the training of teachers in rural schools and urban weak schools. We should explore new ways and means of training, actively promote the modern distance education project of rural primary and middle schools and the plan of teachers' access to the internet so as to bring the role of modern information technologies and internet into full play in faculty training and intensify the pertinence, effectiveness and popularization of faculty training. We should help those rural schools and urban weak schools to establish the system of advanced study in schools. We should actively take effective measures to stabilize the troop of backbone teachers in rural schools and urban weak schools. IV. ESTABLISHING EFFECTIVE MECHANISM AND TRYING TO ENHANCE THE QUALITY OF EDUCATION AND TEACHING IN EACH SCHOOL 9. All regions shall promote quality education in an all-around way and regard the elevation of quality education in an all-around way as the basic task of promoting the balanced development of compulsory education and, when formulating policies, allocating resources and distributing capital, give priority to ensuring the demand of enhancing the quality of education and teaching. We should positively create conditions to assure that all schools may offer all courses in accordance with the requirements of the compulsory education curriculum scheme and satisfy the basic requirements of education. All schools shall earnestly implement the curriculum plan of the state and shall not encroach the class hours of courses such as music, physical education, art and social practice. We should be open to all the students and seek all means to give more help to those students with difficulties in study so as to enable all students to make progress together. 10. The administrative departments of education at all levels shall establish a standardized, scientific and systemized supervision and appraisal system and a teaching guidance system. The departments shall organize school inspectors and the relevant exports to conduct supervision, guidance and examination on the educational and teaching quality of schools on a periodical base. The departments shall organize teaching and research personnel and excellent teachers to carry out professional guidance in those schools with low educational and teaching quality and, when necessary, select and send experienced administrative cadres of education and school headmasters to go to such schools so as to change the underdeveloped look as soon as possible. 11. All regions shall regard making efforts to develop the modern distance education as important measures to promote the balanced development of compulsory education, strengthen the development and integration of educational resources, and promote the pooling of those high-quality resources of compulsory education. We should exert ourselves in promoting the application of modern educational techniques in the teaching practice. The mid-western region shall popularize the multi-media assisted teaching that applies teaching CDs as the major means in advance so as enhance the faculty quality and educational and teaching quality in rural schools in an all-around manner. V. CARRYING ALL POLICIES INTO EFFECT SO AS TO EFFECTIVELY ENSURE THAT DISADVANTAGED GROUP STUDENTS MAY RECEIVE COMPULSORY EDUCATION 12. All regions shall carry into effect all policies regarding the state's financial aid for those students from poor families. We should earnestly do a good job in the governmental purchase of textbooks in the phase of compulsory education in rural areas, strive to lower costs and ensure the distribution in time. Schools in the same region shall use textbooks of the same quality and edition. We should establish an effective mechanism so as to carry into effect the exemption of incidental expenses of those students from poor families and provide necessary living subsidies for boarder students. 13. We should, by focusing on public schools, earnestly do a good job in the compulsory education for the children of those migrant workers who engage in the urban industrial work, effectively carry out the policy of "treat all alike". We should intensify the support and administration of those privately-run schools that mainly accept the children of those migrant workers who engage in the urban industrial work. The local administrative departments of education at all levels and schools shall take pointed measures to solve the problems and difficulties in the ideology, study and life of those "stay-home children" in the villages of those migrant workers who engage in the urban industrial work. 14. We should effectively include the compulsory education of those disabled children into the task force projects of the "two basic targets" and the consolidation and improvement work thereof, incessantly enhance the popularization of the compulsory education of those disabled children, give priority to guaranteeing rural disabled children to enjoy the policy of "two exemptions and one subsidy" and make efforts to improve the running condition of those schools that engage in special education. VI. ESTABLISHING A SUPERVISION AND APPRAISAL SYSTEM SO AS TO EFFECTIVELY PROMOTE THE BALANCED DEVELOPMENT OF COMPULSORY EDUCATION 15. The administrative departments of education at the county level shall establish and improve a supervision and appraisal system for the balanced development of compulsory education, carry out supervision and analysis on the discrepancy among the schools of compulsory education within the administrative districts, publish it by proper means and shall be subject to social supervision. 16. The State Educational Inspectors' Group Office shall establish a supervision, guidance and appraisal system for the balanced development of compulsory education, study and formulate the indicator system of supervision, guidance and appraisal, carry out appraisals on the balanced development of compulsory education in all regions and conduct supervision, guidance and examination on the promotion work of local people's governments at all levels for the balanced development of compulsory education and regard the results of appraisal and examination as an important indicator for appraising the work of local education. The supervisory departments of the people's governments of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall regard the balanced development of compulsory education as an important content for supervising and appraising the education work of the people's governments at the county level, and the results of supervision and appraisal shall be deemed as an important content to assess the political achievements of major principals and cadres and as the basis to confer commendations and rewards. |
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