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CONTENTS Chapter 1. The fundamentals of the law of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea on the nursing and upbringing of children Chapter 2. The raising of children at state and public expense Chapter 3. Cultured and scientific rearing of children Chapter 4. Revolutionary bringing up and education of children Chapter 5. Nursery governesses and kindergarten teachers who are revolutionaries fostering reserve forces of the revolution Chapter 6. Child nurturing establishments and their guidance and management Chapter 1 THE FUNDAMENTALS OF THE LAW OF THE DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF KOREA ON THE NURSING AND UPBRINGING OF CHILDREN Article 1. In the DPRK the children represent the future of the country, are reserves of builders of communism, and successors to our revolutionary cause to carry forward the revolution. Article 2. Bringing up children under public care is one of the major policies of the socialist state; it is an educational method based on socialist pedagogy. The DPRK rears all children in nurseries and kindergartens at state and public expense. Article 3. Even when children are at nursery age, parents are free to raise their children at their homes, instead of sending them to nurseries. Article 4. The Law of the DPRK on the Nursing and Upbringing of Children has inherited the brilliant revolutionary traditions created in the glorious anti Japanese revolutionary struggle for the liberation of the country and the liberty and happiness of the people. Article 5. The Law of the DPRK on the Nursing and Upbringing of Children is guided solely by the great Juche idea of the Workers' Party of Korea, a creative application of Marxism Leninism to the reality of our country, Article 6. The Law of the DPRK on the Nursing and Upbringing of Children contributes, through further consolidation and development of the advanced system of rearing children established generally in our country, to training all of them to be new revolutionary men of the Juche type, to the sacred work of emancipating women from the heavy burden of raising children, to the vigorous acceleration of the building of socialism in the country, and to the historic cause of revolutionizing and working classizing the whole society, Article 7. The DPRK takes every possible care that all children may grow happily wanting for nothing under the best, up to date conditions for their nursing and upbringing. This benefit is firmly guaranteed by the splendid socialist system established in our country, the solid foundations of the independent national economy, and the socialist policy of the Workers' Party of Korea and Government of the Republic which consider it the supreme principle of their activities steadily to elevate the material and cultural standards of the people. The benefit increases continually with the strengthening of the nation's economic foundations. Article 8. In the guidance and control of the nursing and upbringing of children the state follows the mass line based on the great Chongsan ri spirit and Chongsan ri method by which superiors help subordinates and the voluntary enthusiasm of the nursery governesses and kindergarten teachers and other people who serve with the nursing establishments is aroused through giving priority to political work. Article 9. The DPRK raises in nurseries and kindergartens at state expense, if the parents so desire, the children of the foreigners who come to seek refuge after struggling for peace and democracy, national independence and socialism and for the freedom of scientific and cultural pursuits. Article 10. In this law the term children means the children under school age. Chapter 2 THE RAISING OF CHILDREN AT STATE AND PUBLIC EXPENSE Article 11. In the nursing and upbringing of children the state institutions and social and cooperative organizations fully meet the requirements of the Juche idea that makes man the central factor in all considerations and places everything in the service of man. Article 12. The state and the social and cooperative organizations are responsible for providing everything necessary for the nursing and upbringing of children in accordance with the principle: "The best things to the children." Article 13. The state institutions and social and cooperative organizations build modem nurseries and kindergartens at the best suited places and furnish them with good nursing and educational equipment and physical training and playing facilities. The state institutions and social and cooperative Organizations provide the nurseries and kindergartens with musical instruments, toys, publications, teaching tools, etc. Article 14. The state institutions and social and cooperative organizations build children's parks and playgrounds in towns, villages and in all other places where there are children and furnish them with various playing facilities. Article 15. In the DPRK all children are supplied with food from birth. Article 16. The state institutions and social and cooperative organizations provide nurseries and kindergartens with milk, treat, eggs, fruit, vegetables, sweets and other delicatessen. The expenses for the food supplied to nursery children and kindergartners are home by the state and the social and cooperative organizations. Article 17. The state makes children's clothes, shoes and other goods as best it can, and sets their prices as high as to compensate the production costs or even lower, meeting the balance by itself. Article 18. The state brings up in baby homes and orphanages the children who enjoy no parental care. Article 19. The state affords special protection to the children of dead revolutionaries and patriots, of the dependents of the People's Army personnel and disabled soldiers, and pays deep attention to their nursing and upbringing. Article 20. The state affords special protection to mothers with children. The state grants women maternity leave. Their wages, provisions and shares of distribution for the period of maternity leave are borne by the state or by the social and cooperative organizations. The state has all pregnant women registered in good time through maternity hospitals or other medical establishments, provides systematic medical service and midwifery to them free of charge and protects their health after childbirth. The state assigns pregnant women to light suitable work and allows mothers with babies the suckling time during working hours. The state reduces the working hours of mothers with many children on full pay. Article 21. The state grants special favours both to the mothers who have two or more babies at a birth and to the babies. The mothers are given a longer period of leave with pay after the childbirth. The state supplies triplets free with clothes and blankets, and with milk goods for a year, grants subsidies for their upbringing till they reach school age and responsibly looks after the health of the babies and mothers by specifically designating medical works for the purpose. Chapter 3 CULTURED AND SCIENTIFIC REARING OF CHILDREN Article 22. It is the loftiest duty for revolutionaries to bring up healthy and intelligent children, the flower buds of the nation. The state pays deep attention to rearing children in a cultured and scientific manner. Article 23. Nurseries and kindergartens look after the children with warm motherly care and bring them up in accordance with the regulations relating to collective upbringing and to hygiene and epidemic prevention. The children's living places are kept clean and moderate temperature and humidity maintained in their rooms. The children are well looked after hygienically and given regular physical training through the medium of air, sunshine, water, medical instruments and sports apparatuses, in keeping with their ages and constitutions, so as to promote their health. Article 24. In nurseries and kindergartens children are given a sufficient amount of varied staple foods and snacks suited to their ages and features, in accordance with the nutrition list. Article 25. The state provides systematic medical care to the nursery children and kindergartners. All the medical service for the protection and promotion of children's health is free of charge under the system of universal free medical care in force in our country. Medical workers are assigned to all nurseries and kindergartens, medical appliances and medicine are supplied to them, and the diseases of children prevented and treated in good time by specialized medical establishments. Article 26. The state sets up children's wards wherever there are nurseries so as to thoroughly protect the children's health and to fully guarantee the social activities of women. The children's wards take in and treat those nursery children who are as slightly ill as hospitalization is unnecessary. Article 27. The state sets up well furnished sanatoria for children at hot springs and spas and on seashores and at scenic spots to promote their health. Article 28. The state institutions and nurturing establishments analyse the children's health and development and take appropriate steps, and put child care on a scientific basis and steadily develop it. Article 31. The state educates children in the collectivist spirit of "One for all and all for one." Chapter 4 REVOLUTIONARY BRINGING UP AND EDUCATION OF CHILDREN Article 29. Bringing up and educating the rising generation in a revolutionary manner from an early age is an important task to guarantee the prosperity and progress of the country and the bright future of the revolution. The state devotes primary efforts to bringing up and educating all children to be revolutionaries of the Juche type at nurseries and kindergartens in accordance with the principle of socialist pedagogy. Article 30. The state educates children in such a way that they do not lose sight of our past and the south Korean people and love our socialist system and the bright future of communism. Article 32. The state institutions and nurturing establishments educate children to love work and to be accustomed to work from their tender age. Article 33. The state institutions and nurturing establishments educate children to value and take a loving care of the common property of the state and society. Article 34. The state institutions and nurturing establishments educate children to have good manners and to form the habit of living in a cultured and hygienic way. Article 35. The state institutions and nurturing establishments cultivate in the children rich emotions and artistic talents and develop their intellectual faculties in a many sided way. Nurseries and kindergartens teach the children our language, songs and dances and how to play musical instruments, and arrange diverse plays for them. Article 36. The state gives all children compulsory one year preschool education in the senior course of the kindergarten. During the compulsory preschool education, the state cultivates children in the habit of revolutionary organizational life and gives them the basic knowledge enough to receive school education, such as the cultured language, how to write, how to count, etc. Article 37. The state ensures that children are educated at nurseries and kindergartens in diverse forms and ways according to their ages and psychological features. Chapter 5 NURSERY GOVERNESSES AND KINDERGARTEN TEACHERS WHO ARE REVOLUTIONARIES FOSTERING RESERVE FORCES OF THE REVOLUTION Article 38. The nursery governesses and kindergarten teachers are honourable revolutionaries who bring up children to be dependable successors to our revolutionary cause, to be a new generation of the Juche type. The nursery governesses and kindergarten teachers who discharge the important and worthy revolutionary duty of rearing children, the future masters of the country, have the deep respect and confidence of the people. The state is deeply concerned for making all members of society love the nursery governesses and kindergarten teachers and give them positive help, so that they will devote all their energies to rearing and teaching the children well. The state grants favours such as conferment of honorary titles to those working in nurturing establishments who have distinguished themselves in the nursing and education of children. Article 39. The nursery governesses and kindergarten teachers should become genuine servants of the people, true revolutionaries who dedicate all their energies to bringing up children, the future masters of the revolution, with a high sense of honour and pride in their work. Article 40. The nursery governesses and kindergarten teachers should arm themselves firmly with the Juche idea and thus establish a revolutionary world outlook and revolutionize and working classes themselves thoroughly. Article 41. All workers of nurturing establishments including nursery governesses and kindergarten teachers should be free from diseases that may affect the health of children and should have expert knowledge for bringing up children on a cultural and scientific basis and educating them along revolutionary lines, and possess appropriate state licences. Article 42. Nursery governesses and kindergarten teachers should acquire noble revolutionary qualities and become genuine models for children in all respects. Article 43. Nursery governesses and kindergarten teachers should bring up children to be strong, cheerful and well mannered successors to our revolutionary cause. Chapter 6 CHILD NURTURING ESTABLISHMENTS AND THEIR GUIDANCE AND MANAGEMENT Article 44. In the DPRK the child nurturing establishments are state or public organizations which bring up the rising generation as true revolutionaries. Article 45. The child nurturing establishments comprise nurseries, kindergartens, baby homes and orphanages. The nursery is a nursing organization which rears children of pre kindergarten age at state or public expense. The kindergarten is an educational organization which prepares children of four to five for school education. The baby home and orphanage are nurturing organizations which rear at state expense those children who enjoy no parental care. Article 46. The state sets up nurseries and kindergartens rationally in residential quarter and in the vicinity of women's work places. The state organizes and runs weekly and monthly nurseries and kindergartens on a wide scale to fully guarantee the women's public activities. The opening of nurseries and kindergartens at places and in buildings unfavourable for the health and growth of children is prohibited. Article 47. The state strengthens its guidance and control of nurseries and kindergartens. The guidance of nurseries and kindergartens is realized through central bodies of educational and health service administration and local organs of power. Article 48. The central bodies of educational and health service administration organize and guide the whole affairs of nursing and upbringing of children. 1. To prepare the programme for the nursing and upbringing of children and the regulations governing the activities of nurseries and kindergartens and to improve and perfect steadily the content and methods of nursing and upbringing. 2. To organize and guide the work of protecting and promoting the health of children. 3. To organize and guide the work of training nursery governesses and kindergarten teachers and raising their political and practical qualifications. 4. To give technical guidance to the central bodies which run nurseries and kindergartens. Article 49. The local organ of power organizes and guides the activities of nurseries and kindergartens in the area under its jurisdiction. 1. To guide the nurseries and kindergartens to implement correctly the programme for the nursing and upbringing of children and to conduct work in accordance with the regulations. 2. To organize and guide the work of providing medical care to the nursery and kindergarten children. 3. To organize and guide the work of building nurseries and kindergartens, furnishing them with facilities for nursing and upbringing, and of providing them with material conditions including food supplies. Article 50. The state guides the officials to go regularly to the lower units and grasp their actual conditions, help and teach them and, giving priority to political work, solve knotty problems by setting personal example, as required by the work method of the anti Japanese guerrillas. Article 51. The nurseries and kindergartens should correctly implement the programme for the nursing and upbringing of children, regularize and standardize their work and strengthen the system of assuming the responsibility for the care of children. Article 52. The state builds up training centres for nursery and kindergarten workers and trains able nursery governesses and kindergarten teachers to meet the demands. Article 53. The state develops scientific research work for the revolutionary education and cultured and scientific upbringing of children, and consolidates the relevant scientific research institutions and strengthens its guidance of them. The state guides literary and art organizations to produce plenty of revolutionary literary and art works such as films, songs, dances, juvenile poems and fairy tales designed for the education of children. Article 54. The state develops the production of articles and foodstuffs for children. The state guides the factories and enterprises engaged in the production of children's articles and foodstuffs to steadily increase their output and raise their quality in keeping with the demands and tastes of children. Article 55. The state sets up supply agencies for nurseries and kindergartens in the centre an areas. These agencies should be responsible for providing children's articles and foodstuffs and supplies necessary for their nursing and up ing. Article 56. The social and cooperative or ations should ensure that nurseries and kind( tens have material conditions in accordance the standards fixed by the state. Cooperative farms should raise many do animals, such as chickens, goats and milch and preserve fruit and vegetables well to self sufficient amount of foodstuffs to their nu and kindergartens. Article 57. This law is also applicable to nursing and upbringing of children in the homes and orphanages and to their guidance management. Article 58. The nursing and upbringing of children is a concern of the whole nation, the whole society. All civil service institutions, enterprises and organizations should tap their inner reserves and practise economy and thus increase social aid to the nurseries and kindergartens. |
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